• All alkanes have low B.P and are non-polar due to non-polar covalent bonds. Alkanes have weak London forces. According to 2nd factor B.P of alkanes gradually increases with the number of # C atoms.


•  All alkanes are insoluble in water due to non-polarity.


•  Alkanes of

Preparations

1. Chlemenson Reduction (Aldehyde/Ketone)

• Formaldehyde gives methane.


• This reaction can be used to attach 2D or 2H atoms.


• Instead of c.HCl, if c. DCl is used it can obtain 2D (Deuterium) atoms.


• 2D atoms in a molecule shows it has undergone Chlemenson reduction.

2. Catalytic Hydrogenation (Alkenes/Alkynes)

3. Hydrolysis of Grinard Reagent

eg. a)

   b)